KPV
Also known as Lys-Pro-Val · H-Lys-Pro-Val-OH · alpha-MSH (11-13) · ACTH (11-13)
KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH 11-13).
The overview
What is KPV?
KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH 11-13). In cultured intestinal epithelial cells (Caco2-BBE, HT29-Cl.19A) and immune cells, in-vitro studies indicate it is taken up via the proton-coupled di/tripeptide transporter PepT1, which is induced in inflamed epithelium. Once intracellular, nanomolar concentrations are reported to attenuate cytokine-stimulated NF-kB and MAP kinase signaling cascades, lowering transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators in receptor-independent fashion (distinct from melanocortin-receptor agonism that drives pigmentation). Cell-based work also describes MC1R-partially-independent signaling and direct antimicrobial/membrane effects of the alpha-MSH C-terminus against organisms such as Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. These observations frame KPV as a transporter-mediated, signaling-pathway modulator at the cellular level. All data here are from in-vitro and preclinical receptor/transporter-signaling models; no human dosing, efficacy, or therapeutic-outcome claims are implied.
In the research
Where KPV shows up
The areas researchers focus on with KPV - and why it has the science community paying attention.
- PepT1 transporter-mediated cellular peptide uptake (in-vitro)
- NF-kB signaling pathway modulation in epithelial/immune cell models
- MAP kinase inflammatory cascade attenuation in cultured cells
- Melanocortin-receptor-independent signaling characterization
- Direct antimicrobial/membrane-interaction assays (C. albicans, S. aureus)
- Structure-activity relationship of alpha-MSH C-terminal fragments
By the numbers
The facts that matter
To the molecule
Molecular specifications
Lys-Pro-Val (KPV)Sourced, not claimed
The science behind it
The peer-reviewed studies behind KPV, linked so you can read them yourself.
- Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HTT, Yan Y, Sitaraman S, Merlin D (2008). PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation Gastroenterology.
“KPV is transported into cells by PepT1; nanomolar concentrations of KPV reduced the activation of NF-kappaB and MAP kinase inflammatory signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial and immune cells.”
- Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, Luegering A, Ross M, Brzoska T, Bohm M, Luger TA, Domschke W, Kucharzik T (2008). Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
“Treatment with KPV led to earlier recovery and significantly stronger regain of body weight, with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, presenting KPV as an interesting therapeutic option for the treatment of IBD.”
- Cutuli M, Cristiani S, Lipton JM, Catania A (2000). Antimicrobial effects of alpha-MSH peptides Journal of Leukocyte Biology.
“Small concentrations of alpha-MSH peptides likewise reduced viability and germ tube formation of the yeast C. albicans, and the C-terminal tripeptide retained antimicrobial activity.”
- Brzoska T, Luger TA, Maaser C, Abels C, Bohm M (2008). Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related tripeptides: biochemistry, antiinflammatory and protective effects in vitro and in vivo, and future perspectives for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases Endocrine Reviews.
“KPV, the C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH, offers an antiinflammatory effect but lack of pigmentary action.”
Straight answers
Questions, answered
Is KPV approved by the FDA?
No. KPV is not an FDA-approved drug. We supply it as a research-use-only reference compound, identity-verified for purity with a COA on every vial.
What class of compound is KPV?
KPV is classified as: Melanocortin-derived C-terminal tripeptide (alpha-MSH 11-13 fragment).
What is the molecular weight of KPV?
The molecular weight of KPV is 342.43 g/mol, with a molecular formula of C16H30N4O4.
What is the CAS number for KPV?
The CAS Registry Number for KPV is 67727-97-3.
What is the amino acid sequence of KPV?
KPV has the sequence: Lys-Pro-Val (KPV).
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For in-vitro laboratory research use only. Not for human or animal consumption. Bodily introduction into humans or animals is strictly prohibited by law. KPV is not a drug and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.